氨基磺酸溶液浸出废锂离子电池负极活性材料中的锂

随着锂离子电池的广泛应用,产生了大量废锂离子电池,其负极活性材料中积累了高品位的锂。锂作为一种稀有金属,对其进行回收利用很有意义。选取了无毒、稳定性好的氨基磺酸作为浸出剂,浸取废锂离子电池负极活性材料中的锂,考察了预处理方式对负极活性材料成分和结构的影响以及浸出条件对锂浸出率的影响。结果表明:600℃下煅烧4 h,可完全去除附着在负极活性材料表面的有机物;在氨基磺酸浓度0.75 mol/L、固液比5 g/L、浸出温度40℃、浸出时间45 min的最佳浸出条件下,负极活性材料中锂浸出率达97.2%。     

弱胶结软岩巷道高分子改性树脂注浆加固技术研究*

为解决弱胶结软岩胶结性差、力学强度低、遇水易软化带来的巷道围岩变形量大的问题，以王洼二矿为例，结合试验巷道围岩条件和注浆加固支护技术特点，提出高分子改性树脂注浆加固方案；并采用室内注浆加固体力学性能试验验证方案的可行性。结果表明:现场围岩单轴抗压强度平均值22.74 MPa、抗拉强度平均值0.674 MPa，高分子改性树脂注浆材料对围岩加固体单轴抗压强度影响不大，但加固体抗拉强度平均值3.07 MPa，相比原岩抗拉强度提高355.5%；现场试验顶板、两帮围岩变形量由之前的大变形逐渐控制在100 mm以内，注浆后30 d基本趋于稳定。研究结果对软岩巷道支护设计和施工具有一定的实际指导意义。     

Disaster impact assessment of the underground hazardous materials pipeline

In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other countries with advanced pipeline management, some organizations are responsible for pipeline safety protection management for underground hazardous materials. The security and maintenance of a hazardous material pipeline are serious considerations for urban safety, because the materials transported by underground pipelines contain hazardous goods, such as the flammable or explosive particles of solids, liquids, and gases. Damage to a pipeline by external forces often leads to secondary disasters, such as the leakage of hazardous materials, fires, explosions, and environmental pollution. Such events seriously affect the safety of individuals and their property.Accordingly, this study used seismic scenario analysis with a spatial grid to evaluate earthquake damage to an underground pipeline in an urban area. Damage to underground pipelines was classified, pipeline disaster management procedures were discussed, and improvement measures were proposed, such as establishing a geographic information platform and conducting disaster impact assessments for hazardous material pipelines. Underground hazardous material pipelines were assessed in scenarios including earthquakes. Such assessments are intended to provide disaster reduction plans and disaster prevention drills to improve pipeline safety as well as the planning for pipeline materials to aid seismic resistance.     

灾后物资供应系统风险预警可拓模型的初步设计

在可拓学理论的基础上,按照风险预警目的和方法的要求,构建了灾后物资供应系统流动性风险预警模型.该模型解决了物资需求与客观实际采购量的矛盾,客观地反映了风险变化的动态化过程,初步提高了流动性风险预警的有效性.     

外墙保温材料在火灾中的燃烧现象小尺寸实验研究

利用外墙保温材料的小尺寸燃烧实验来研究外墙保温材料在火灾过程中的燃烧特性,分析总结外墙保温材料在火灾过程中的燃烧现象.建立外墙保温材料火灾实验模型,对外墙保温材料火灾实验的实验方法以及数据测定方式进行了介绍.采用不同阻燃性质的保温材料,研究阻燃成分阻止竖向燃烧的效果.观察不同的保温材料在燃烧过程中的点燃性能.根据材料的阻燃性能、点火位置、固定方式的不同,总结燃烧痕迹的变化规律.分析非阻燃材料在燃烧的过程中的熔滴生成,发现产生的熔滴对未燃保温材料的点燃现象.观察不同的保温材料在燃烧过程中的烟气生成及烟气层的形成.通过小尺寸火灾试验的方法来研究建筑外墙保温材料火灾的特性,提出使用阻燃型外墙保温材料的必要性.     

浅析进口原油安全技术说明书

以原油这一具有危险品属性的战略物资作为研究对象,分析各国对原油进行MSDS登记的现状,对多种进口原油安全技术说明书进行分类归纳.介绍各国在危险品分类、健康环保、职业防护等多方面开展的工作,对照比较国内相应法规和标准体系,以期对我国石油产品安全技术说明书的编写工作有所助益.对进口原油中的有害物质组分依照职业卫生标准,进行了归纳,实现健康危险限值的快速核定.为我国进一步推行GHS制度,完善构建合理的危险化学品管理、法规、执行体系,在安全技术说观书这一领域提出相关建议.     

钢铁行业碳排放量核算方法的实证性研究

介绍了碳排放量核算的基本原理与通用方法。以某钢铁公司焦化厂CO2排放量计算为实例,对比分析了物料衡算法和经验计算法的合理性和准确性。研究发现,对于钢铁企业来说,采用IPCC方法进行CO2排放量的计算是可行的。     

Trends of hazardous material accidents (HMAs) during highway transportation from 2013 to 2018 in China

Statistical analysis of hazardous material accidents (HMAs) in China from 20013 to 2018 related to characteristics and consequences is discussed in this study, revealing different time volatility, spatial distribution and accident consequence features. Yearly, monthly, weekly and hourly levels of HMAs are analysed, and the corresponding factors are discussed. The trends of HMAs are affected by different factors, such as efforts toward safety-specific rectification by the government, holidays, five-day workweek systems and daily traffic peaks. The spatial distribution trends indicate that highway transportation of hazardous materials is mostly short-distance transport. The accidents that occurred on normal road sections account for 82.76% of the total HMAs during transportation. Leaking accidents caused by HMAs account for 79.35% of the total accidents. Countermeasures focusing on improving highway transportation safety for hazardous materials are recommended.     

聚苯硫醚滤料协同飞灰-CaCO_3配方型吸附剂脱除烟气中Hg~0的实验研究

通过固定床实验系统模拟烟气脱除Hg0的实验,研究了布袋常用的聚苯硫醚(polyphenylene sulfide,PPS)滤料协同飞灰-CaCO3配方型吸附剂对模拟烟气中Hg0的脱除效率,以及不同温度、气体成分对Hg0氧化及吸附的影响,分析了其影响机理。结果表明,在温度为120℃,N2+4%O2的条件下,质量比为3∶1的飞灰-CaCO3配方型吸附剂对Hg0的脱除效率最高,虽低于纯飞灰条件下的28%,但其吸附催化寿命较长;温度越高,Hg0的脱除效率越低,PPS滤料协同飞灰-CaCO3配方型吸附剂对Hg0的吸附主要表现为物理吸附;HCl对脱除Hg0的促进作用较为明显;SO2条件下其附加产物对Hg0的脱除表现出一定的抑制作用;NO对Hg0的脱除具有一定的促进作用,但与HCl相比,其促进效果较弱。     

非金属材料自然环境贮存特性数据库设计

针对型号单位长期利用专业环境试验机构各典型环境试验站开展自然环境试验,数据量大,数据类型多,数据分散,不能被设计师系统利用的实际情况,由五九所与北京电子工程技术研究所共同开发了非金属材料自然环境贮存特性数据库。数据库采用J2ee的技术架构进行开发,实现了对非金属材料自然环境贮存特性数据的有效管理、网络共享,为数据资源的系统积累和深层次利用奠定了基础。